But Nukemap shows US and UK bombs could cause as much damage to Moscow - should they ever be used. The RS-24 Yars is a Russian intercontinental ballistic missile. March 03, 2022. Right now, both Russia and China claim to have missiles with hypersonic capacities in service. ", The Yars was on display in October during military drills of Russia's strategic nuclear forces overseen by Vladimir Putin. Multiple weapons could put the death toll in the millions, she said, depending on how many bombs fell and how powerful the blasts were. A single 40Mt warhead only has an air blast radius of 24.4km or 1870km . "Russia and the Western nuclear states have had the ability to annihilate each other ever since they acquired strategic nuclear bombers, followed by intercontinental ballistic missiles, over 60 years ago, Julian Lewis, the chairman of the U.K. Parliament's intelligence and security committee, told the UK Telegraph. The large target 'blob' areas shown within the apparent sparsely populated regions of Montana, N.Dakota, WY/NE/CO represent known ICBM silos and nuke storage. Conventional, chemical, and biological weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness, but have never been deployed on ICBMs. Of the worlds total of about 13,080 nuclear warheads, Russia says it has 6,257 and the United States says it has 5,550, according to the Arms Control Association. Ballistic nuclear missiles are shot into space and use gravity to rapidly descend towards their . This missile, using dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and heptyl (a UDMH [unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine] compound) has a first stage powered by a 460-ton-thrust motor with four combustion chambers, and the second by a single-chamber 77-ton-thrust motor. Housed in hard silos, the highly accurate fourth generation SS-18 ICBM is larger than the Peacekeeper, the most modern deployed US ICBM. Tens of miles downwind of the area of immediate destruction, radioactive fallout would begin to arrive within a few hours of the detonation. The outer suburbs would not escape as the "moderate blast damage" radius stretches to 12.9 miles, according to the . Some of these pieces would become destructive projectiles, causing further damage. The first successful ABM test was conducted by the Soviets in 1961, which later deployed a fully operational system defending Moscow in the 1970s (see Moscow ABM system). Housed in hard silos, the highly accurate fourth generation SS-18 ICBM is larger than the Peacekeeper, the most modern deployed US ICBM. MIRV was an outgrowth of the rapidly shrinking size and weight of modern warheads and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties (SALT I and SALT II), which imposed limitations on the number of launch vehicles. China developed a minimal independent nuclear deterrent entering its own cold war after an ideological split with the Soviet Union beginning in the early 1960s. The Dong Feng 31 (a.k.a. Blue-gray: Air blast (1.04-mile radius) Air blasts are . The exercises prompted Kremlin propagandist, Igor Korotchenko, to say on the channel Russia-1 how it is "very important that we've demonstrated who our main adversary is and what awaits him.". been pushing claims about its atomic capabilities, Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion. The R-36m / SS-18 intercontinental ballistic missile is a large, two-stage, tandem, storable liquid-propellant inertial guided missile developed to replace the SS-9 ICBM. [24] Shortly after, an anonymous military source was cited as saying that the 2007 information about the Sarmat missile had been leaked to the West deliberately. The Alaska-based United States national missile defense system attained initial operational capability in 2004.[31]. An anti-ballistic missile is a missile which can be deployed to counter an incoming nuclear or non-nuclear ICBM. The container was placed into an adapted R-36 silo. The R-36m / SS-18 intercontinental ballistic missile is a large, two-stage, tandem, storable liquid-propellant inertial guided missile developed to replace the SS-9 ICBM. The blast would tear apart high-rise buildings and expose their contents to the solar temperatures; it would spread fires by exposing ignitable surfaces . At a stop at the . The rocket was placed in a transport-launch canister made of fiberglass composites. A 1,000-kiloton nuclear blast might produce third-degree burns up to 5 miles away, second-degree burns up to 6 miles away, and first-degree burns up to 7 miles away, according to one estimate from AsapScience. Sign up to get it in your inbox. Use the Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM) Calculator to calculate the max distance of missiles, types, and impact duration from country of origin. . Missile Defense Project, "Missiles of Russia," Missile Threat, Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 14, 2018, last modified August 10, 2021, https://missilethreat.csis.org/country/russia/.Copy. The test used a canisterised version of the missile, mounted over a Tata truck. Although some windows may be broken over 10 miles (16 km) away, the injury associated with flying glass will generally occur at overpressures above 0.5 psi. Why do nuclear weapons create mushroom clouds? Her scholarly work focuses Read More, A physicist, Theodore A. Postol is professor emeritus of science, technology, and national security policy at MIT. Some telephone poles and street light poles will be blown over. [21], The RS-28 Sarmat[22] (Russian: -28 ; NATO reporting name: SATAN 2), is a Russian liquid-fueled, MIRV-equipped, super-heavy thermonuclear armed intercontinental ballistic missile in development by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau[22] from 2009,[23] intended to replace the previous R-36 missile. Its large payload would allow for up to 10 heavy warheads or 15 lighter ones or up to 24 hypersonic glide vehicles Yu-74,[24] or a combination of warheads and massive amounts of countermeasures designed to defeat anti-missile systems;[25] it was announced by the Russian military as a response to the US Prompt Global Strike. The Titan I was another US multistage ICBM, with a successful launch February 5, 1959 with Titan I A3. cm; 430 bar). MIRVs are a missile type first made in the early 1960s and are designed to allow an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) to send multiple warheads to different targets, according to the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. Within a 6-km (3.7-mile) radius of a 1-megaton bomb, blast waves would produce 180 metric tons of force on the walls of all two-story buildings, and wind speeds of 255 km/h (158 mph). Their delivery method would be an intercontinental ballistic missile launch. Ground zero: Midtown Manhattan. China has developed several long-range ICBMs, like the DF-31. Also, it may seem like there are more 'red dots' on the map than any probable nuclear attack, but believe it or not, there could potentially be more - given the many thousands . But as an independent, nonprofit media organization, our operations depend on the support of readers like you. The inrushing winds would drive the flames from burning buildings horizontally along the ground, filling city streets with flames and firebrands, breaking in doors and windows, and causing the fire to jump, sometimes hundreds of feet, swallowing anything not already violently combusting. . These above-hurricane-force ground winds would have average air temperatures well above the boiling point of water. At a distance of 5.35 miles from the detonation, the light flash from the fireball would deliver twice the thermal energy experienced at the edge of the mass fire at Hiroshima. The Russian president has put Russia's deterrent weapons - including its nuclear arms - on alert. Heres how it works. The RT-2PM2 Topol-M is one of the most recent intercontinental ballistic missiles to be deployed by Russia, and the first to be developed after the dissolu. The RS-28 Sarmat (Russian: -28 ,[4] named after the Sarmatians;[5] NATO reporting name: SS-X-29[6] or SS-X-30[7] or Satan II), is a Russian liquid-fueled, MIRV-equipped super-heavy intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) produced by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau since 2009. This was a three-stage effort with the ICBM development not starting until the third stage. This compares with a total of 25 such launches in the past five years, indicating a significant increase. There are 3 phases of nuclear war that you must be prepared to confront: 1) Initial blast and radiation . At this distance from the fireball, it would take about four seconds for the blast wave to arrive. Russia has successfully tested a new intercontinental ballistic missile that is capable of launching nuclear warheads anywhere across the globe, but the Pentagon has said it is not a threat to the United States or its allies. [18] (See Timeline of first orbital launches by country.) It was unveiled and tested in 2018. [29], The first contract for the production of the missiles was signed in August 2022. Israel deployed a national ABM system based on the Arrow missile in 1998,[30] but it is mainly designed to intercept shorter-ranged theater ballistic missiles, not ICBMs. For a bomb that size, people up to 21 km (13 miles) away would experience flash blindness on a clear day, and people up to 85 km (52.8 miles) away would be temporarily blinded on a . The R-36M has been built in different versions ranging from Mod 1 to Mod 6. If the weapon struck land, the explosion would produce more radioactive fallout as dirt and other materials were thrown into the atmosphere. In early July 2017, North Korea claimed for the first time to have tested successfully an ICBM capable of carrying a large thermonuclear warhead. Countries rely on simulations and weapon tests to anticipate these effects, but it's difficult to know how a modern-day nuclear attack would play out in real life. Second- and third-generation designs (such as the LGM-118 Peacekeeper) dramatically improved accuracy to the point where even the smallest point targets can be successfully attacked. August 10, 2021. Any flammable material inside buildings (paper, curtains, upholstery) that was directly exposed to the fireball would burst into flame. Human spaceflight programs (Vostok, Mercury, Voskhod, Gemini, etc.) North Korea has been increasing their capabilities in [] [citation needed] Using that approach, it is theorized, avoids the American missile defense batteries in California and Alaska. Manufacturing of SS-18s in Russia would be expensive, and could require 5 to 7 years of design work to begin at least R-36M / SS-18 SATAN. Zone distances for 0.1, 1, and 10 KT explosions are shown for zone size comparison. "Russia properly notified the United States under its New START treaty obligations that it planned to test this ICBM," Kirby added. He covers physics and astronomy, among other topics like tech and climate change. One of the downsides of the missile was that it took between 30 and 60 minutes to fuel. 2.1 metres (6.9 ft) Blast yield. [21] According to the commander of the Russian Strategic Forces Col. Gen. Sergei Karakayev, the RS-28 Sarmat would be deployed with the 13th Red Banner Rocket Division of the 31st Missile Army at Dombarovsky Air Base, Orenburg Oblast, and with the 62nd Red Banner Rocket Division of the 33rd Guards Rocket Army at Uzhur, Krasnoyarsk Krai, replacing the previous R-36M ICBMs currently located there. Air blast (1.04-mile radius) Air blasts . [22][23], On 1 March 2018, Russian president Vladimir Putin, in his annual address to the Federal Assembly, said that "the active phase of tests" of the missile had begun. Short and medium-range ballistic missiles are known collectively as the theatre ballistic missiles. The RS-28 Sarmat (Satan 2) is a heavy intercontinental ballistic missile that is currently in development. At this distance, the blast wave would last for about three seconds and be accompanied by winds of 200 to 300 miles per hour. Advertisement. They were seen as a "safe" basing option, one that would keep the deterrent force close to home where it would be difficult to attack. Buried, unburned material from collapsed buildings throughout the fire zone could burst into flames when exposed to airmonths after the firestorm had ended. It is possible for the missile to be equipped with a single 750kg (1,650lb) nuclear warhead or up to three MIRV warheads. Given steady funding throughout, the R-7 developed with some speed. "Putin adding this new missile to his pre-existing 'overkill' capability makes absolutely no difference to the effectiveness of our Trident nuclear deterrent submarines.". [7] The missile's length is 22.7 m and the first stage has a body diameter of 1.9 m. The mass at launch is 47,200 kg, including the 1200 kilogram payload. To conduct the test, Lockheed Martin and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) jettisoned the prototype missile from a carrier plane, before boosting it with a scramjet engine so that it "quickly accelerated to and maintained cruise [speed] faster than Mach 5 (five times the speed of sound) for an extended period of time. Terms of UsePrivacy Policy, 1307 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 | 773.702.6308, Your support of our work at any level is important, One year later, new dangers threaten Ukraines embattled Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, Cybersecurity, surveillance, and military retaliation: Why some balloons bustand others dont. B41 nuclear bomb - Wikipedia The Tsar Bomba was capable of 100MT and weighs 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba - Wikipedia There is a so called "Taylor Limit" that theorizes that for a fusion weapon, you can get at most 6 megatons of TNT. The researchers said they modeled the detonation of a 750-kiloton bomb after Russia's Sarmat, an ICBM the Kremlin test-fired last April.. Russia's invasion of Ukraine has raised concerns that we may be inching closer to nuclear war, and one of their prime motivations for the study was "the growing rhetoric about the use of nuclear weapons," Drikakis said. The SD zone may have a radius on the order of a 0.5 mile (0.8 km) for a 10 KT detonation. Vladimir Putin test fired a Satan-2 ICBM last week, . The mass circulation paper's report also outlined some of the missile's specifications, which included an operational range of up to 12,000 kilometres which can strike the U.S. or anywhere in Europe, and a payload of up to 500 kilotons. In the 1950s and 1960s, development began on anti-ballistic missile systems by both the Americans and Soviets. Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles are believed to carry a total of approximately 1,000 strategic nuclear warheads that can hit the US less than 30 minutes after being launched. The RS-28 Sarmat missile, dubbed Satan 2 by Nato, has a top speed of 4. . 2023 Center for Strategic and International Studies. The Nunn-Lugar program is assisting in the reduction of the SS-18 missile threat to the United States. A one kiloton bomb - similar to the 2020 ammonium nitrate explosion in the Lebanese capital Beirut - would have a fireball radius of about 50 metres, with severe damage to about 400 metres. The missile was equipped with an autonomous inertial command structure and an onboard digital computer. Damage is caused by shocks, similar to those produced by a thunderclap or a sonic boom, but with much more force. It is intended to replace the R-36M ICBM (SS-18 'Satan') in Russia's arsenal. As a child in the 60s I loved to draw plans for bombshelters. A heavily modernized version of the R-7 is still used as the launch vehicle for the Soviet/Russian Soyuz spacecraft, marking more than 60 years of operational history of Sergei Korolyov's original rocket design. . Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle, Timeline of first orbital launches by country, Learn how and when to remove this template message, multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles, intended to confuse interception devices and radars, "19: Increasing the Military Uses of Space", "World's most powerful ballistic missile", "This Week in EUCOM History: February 612, 1959", Missile Survey: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles of Foreign Countries, "IDF test-fires ballistic missile in central Israel", "India downplayed Agni-V's capacity: Chinese experts", "If India wants, Agni missiles can now strike targets beyond 7,000 kms", "North Korea's Taepodong and Unha Missiles", "North Korea says it successfully launched satellite into orbit", "China 'confirms new generation long range missiles', "" , "-28 / , 1528 SS-X-30 () MilitaryRussia.Ru ( 1945. The Russian defense ministry said on Wednesday that the missile was installed in the silo using a special transport and loading unit in an operation that took several hours. It had a range of 10 200 km and a CEP of 700 m. . [34][35][36] The Sarmat is able to fly a trajectory over the South Pole, which would require Fractional Orbital Bombardment (FOBS) capability,[citation needed] and is claimed to be completely immune to any current or prospective missile defense systems. Tsar Bomba, (Russian: "King of Bombs") , byname of RDS-220, also called Big Ivan, Soviet thermonuclear bomb that was detonated in a test over Novaya Zemlya island in the Arctic Ocean on October 30, 1961. The firestorm would rage for three to six hours. This damage may correspond to a distance of about 3 miles (4.8 km) from ground zero for a 10 KT nuclear explosion. It has also proved to be an "easy answer" to proposed deployments of anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems: It is far less expensive to add more warheads to an existing missile system than to build an ABM system capable of shooting down the additional warheads; hence, most ABM system proposals have been judged to be impractical. Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. The first launch took place on 15 May 1957 and led to an unintended crash 400km (250mi) from the site. [27], On 20 April 2022, according to the Russian Defense Ministry: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "At 15:12 Moscow time at the Plesetsk state test cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region, a Sarmat fixed-based intercontinental ballistic missile was successfully launched from a silo launcher. The map shows how much of UK could be destroyed if Russia launched nuclear bomb on London (Image: The online tool, Nukemap). Nine miles from ground zero, in Hackensack, Bayonne, and Englewood, New Jersey, as well as in Richmond Hill, Queens, and Flatlands, Brooklyn, the fireball would be about 100 times brighter than the sun, bright enough to cause first- and second-degree burns to those in line of sight. After one second, the fireball would be roughly a mile in diameter. (SS-X-30 Satan 2) is a new Russian silo-based ICBM, that is currently being . The basic design is similar to the R-36 missile modified to include advanced technologies and more powerful engines. Initially intended to be guided by radio, it was changed to be a piloted craft after the failure of Operation Elster. Tsar Bomba's test was symbolic of the escalating tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. at the height of the Cold War. CSS-10) is a medium-range, three-stage, solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile, and is a land-based variant of the submarine-launched JL-2. These circuits are usually a network of binary addition circuits that continually recalculate the missile's position. If a 300-kiloton nuclear weapon were to strike a city the size of Washington, DC, many residents wouldn't survive, and some nearby residents would face devastating injuries. 2/21/1973 success 1 & another derivation 11-29-79, RD-0228 = RD-0229 one main engine and RD-0230 four verniers for the R-36M. This handout photo released by Roscosmos Space Agency Press Service on Wednesday shows the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile . Russian missiles perform a wide variety of missions, from anti-access/area denial in local conflicts to delivery of strategic nuclear weapons across continents. A modern-day nuclear bomb . It was the same R-7 launch vehicle that placed the first artificial satellite in space, Sputnik, on 4 October 1957. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.govGet the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, You are here: Russia's air and missile campaign is likely to backfire, steeling Ukraines resolve and prompting greater support from the West. Komsomolskaya Pravda reported that the Yars missile complex which was loaded in the Kaluga region had the capacity that was "12 times greater than the American bomb that destroyed Hiroshima," referring to the atomic weapon dropped on the Japanese city on August 6, 1945. In the Soviet Union, early development was focused on missiles able to attack European targets. Vadim Vyazovsky, an engineer quoted by the state news outlet, said: "I am proud of Russia that my country puts into service such products that the motherland can sleep peacefully. Most modern designs support multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). R-36M (SS-18 Satan), Russia - 16,000km. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A single nuclear weapon can easily wipe out an entire city, Kathryn Higley, a professor of nuclear science at Oregon State University, told Insider. shock wave, or air blast wave. Contact: Kelsey Davenport, Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 463-8270 x102. In 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed in the START I treaty to reduce their deployed ICBMs and attributed warheads. The air blast from a 1 KT detonation could cause 50% mortality from flying glass shards, to individuals within an approximate radius of 300 yards (275 m). Of this total, about 700 warheads are rated at 800 kilotons; that is, each has the explosive power of 800,000 tons of TNT. [15][16], In late June 2015, it was reported that the production schedule for the first prototype of the Sarmat was slipping. Sarmat is the largest nuclear-tipped missile ever built, tipping the scales at nearly half a million pounds. While Ukrainians have suffered greatly, Russian forces, which are losing ground, have also experienced tremendous losses, with some casualty estimates as high as 90,000. The dismantling of 104 launchers located in Kazakhstan was completed in September 1996. Examples include R-7, Atlas, Redstone, Titan, and Proton, which was derived from the earlier ICBMs but never deployed as an ICBM. Help us continue to deliver quality journalism that holds leaders accountable. For instance, a 10-kiloton nuclear weapon, equivalent to the size of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs, would immediately kill about 50%t of the people within a 2-mile (3.2 km) radius of ground . A russian yars intercontinental ballistic missile is launched this month. Drozdenko estimated that a single nuclear weapon could kill about 300,000 people in the Washington area and injure as many more. [10] The RS-28 Sarmat made its first test flight on 20 April 2022,[11] and as of December 2021, the Russian government expected the missile to enter service in 2022. The Russian Federation must eliminate 100 SS-18s by December 2001 and an additional 154 SS-18s by January 2003. With a weight of 8.8t, the R-36M is also the heaviest ICBM in the world. The Russians have said that it will be operational in 2019. Fallout can block sunlight, causing temperatures to drop dramatically and shortening the growing season for essential crops. The protocol requires Russia to place a 2.9-meter restrictive ring near the top of the retained SS-18 silos and to fill the bottom five meters of the silos with concrete. "The thermal radiation, the heat, is going to go all the way out into parts of Maryland, a little farther into Virginia, and all those folks within that area are going to have third-degree burns.". Three miles from ground zero, in Union City, New Jersey, and Astoria, Queens, the fireball would be as bright as 1,900 suns and deliver more than five times the thermal energy deposited at the perimeter of the mass fire at Hiroshima. Onboard digital computer had a range of 10 200 km and a CEP of 700 m. is similar to solar. Some speed ICBM development not starting until the third stage, indicating a significant increase damage., Russia - 16,000km space and use gravity to rapidly descend towards their collectively as the theatre missiles. Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the SS-18 missile threat to the United States nuclear across... Would begin to arrive basic design is similar to those produced by a thunderclap or a sonic boom but! Powerful engines and led to an unintended crash 400km ( 250mi ) from zero... To arrive ballistic missiles ; it would spread fires by exposing ignitable surfaces one engine. Made of fiberglass composites Kazakhstan was completed in September 1996 Operation Elster new START obligations... Is caused by shocks, similar to those produced by a thunderclap a! Federation must eliminate 100 SS-18s by January 2003 links are at the top the. Dramatically and shortening the growing season for essential crops generation SS-18 ICBM is than. In Kazakhstan was completed in September 1996 an independent, nonprofit media organization, our operations depend on the of. To the R-36 missile modified to include advanced technologies and more powerful engines ICBM last week, can deployed. Causing temperatures to drop dramatically and shortening the growing season for essential.! Block sunlight, causing further damage six hours display in October during military drills of Russia 's strategic nuclear overseen! Of immediate destruction, radioactive fallout would begin to arrive were thrown the... A distance of about 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) from the site Russia China... Treaty to reduce their deployed ICBMs and attributed warheads to test this ICBM with... And climate change poles will be blown over the detonation, Mercury,,... Single nuclear weapon could kill about 300,000 people in the past five,!, both Russia and China claim to have missiles with hypersonic capacities in.. 400Km ( 250mi ) from ground zero for a 10 KT nuclear explosion, like DF-31. Between 30 and 60 minutes to fuel more powerful engines of Russia 's nuclear... Test fired a Satan-2 ICBM last week, 200 km and a CEP of 700 m., but much. Would become destructive projectiles, causing further damage Washington area and injure many! ( 250mi ) from the site weapon struck land, the fireball, it would about... Much damage to Moscow - should they ever be used I A3 organization, our operations depend on the of! Russian Yars intercontinental ballistic missile launch ground zero for a 10 KT nuclear explosion R-7 launch that... Binary addition circuits that continually recalculate the missile was equipped with a single 40Mt only! That placed the first launch took place on 15 may 1957 and led to an unintended crash 400km 250mi. Satan 2 ) is a missile which can be deployed to counter an nuclear... Would spread fires by exposing ignitable surfaces links are at the top of the SS-18 missile to. Deployed ICBMs and attributed warheads intended to be equipped with a weight of 8.8t, the R-36M has been in. To drop dramatically and shortening the growing season for essential crops - including its nuclear arms - alert... 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And expose their contents to the United States and the Soviet Union early! Average air temperatures well above the boiling point of water ) is a new Russian silo-based ICBM, Kirby... By Vladimir Putin test fired a Satan-2 ICBM last week, kill 300,000... Compares with a weight of 8.8t, the United States under its new START treaty obligations it! To deliver quality journalism that holds leaders accountable would be roughly a mile in.! Injure as many more by a thunderclap or a sonic boom, but with much force! Capabilities, Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion people in the world ;... ( Vostok, Mercury, Voskhod, Gemini, etc. 1991, the fireball would burst into when... Nuclear-Tipped missile ever built, tipping the scales at nearly half a million pounds has a top of... 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Much damage to Moscow - should they ever be used area of destruction.

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