His father died in 1849, his brother Stephen in 1850, and his mother in 1851. one of the few truly successful English translations comes from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a professor of Italian at Harvard and an acclaimed poet. In the first, he arrived in Cambridge in 1837, fresh from a six-year professorship at Bowdoin College. M. Brook Taylor, "The Poetry and Prose of History: W. S. Tryon, "Nationalism and International Copyright: Tennyson and Longfellow in America,", Edward L. Tucker, "References in Longfellow's, S. Ullmann, "Composite Metaphors in Longfellow's Poetry,", Hyatt H. Waggoner, "Five New England Poets: The Shape of Things to Come," in his, Thomas Wortham, "William Cullen Bryant and the Fireside Poets," in. The poem exalts and exocitizes Native Americans and assumes the obliteration of indigenous ways of life. The Golden Legend (1851), set in 13th-century Italy, was destined to become the middle section of the work he conceived as his masterpiece, Christus: A Mystery (1872). Poems to integrate into your English Language Arts classroom. She helps professionals and business owners speak with confidence - from stepping on stage to speaking on podcasts to showing up online and in the boardroom. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth , D.C.L. The most humorous and charming of his longer narrative poems, The Courtship of Miles Standish relates a story already familiar (especially in Longfellows family) about John Aldens fortunate failure in his dutiful attempt to woo the maiden he loves on behalf of the widowed captain of Plymouth, his friend Miles Standish. Died on March 24, 1882 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [66] Longfellow published his epic poem Evangeline for the first time a few months later on November 1, 1847. [141] As James Russell Lowell said, Longfellow had an "absolute sweetness, simplicity, and modesty". Many, especially Torquemada and The Saga of King Olaf, were surprisingly violent. "[64], He and Fanny had six children: Charles Appleton (18441893), Ernest Wadsworth (18451921), Fanny (18471848), Alice Mary (18501928), Edith (18531915), and Anne Allegra (18551934). Match. In 1845, he published The Poets and Poetry of Europe, an 800-page compilation of translations made by other writers, including many by his friend and colleague Cornelius Conway Felton. [124] His accusations may have been a publicity stunt to boost readership of the Broadway Journal, for which he was the editor at the time. In 1836, Longfellow moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to teach foreign languages at Harvard College. He considered moving to New York after New York University proposed offering him a newly created professorship of modern languages, but there would be no salary. Queen Victoria received Longfellow at Windsor Castle; the Prince of Wales invited him as a guest; and he visited with William Gladstone, John Russell, Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Favorable responses to poems, reviews, sketches, and essays he contributed to the Portland Advertiser, American Monthly Magazine, and United States Literary Gazette sparked hopes for editing and writing opportunities that collided against the materialistic pragmatism of New England culture. [97], Longfellow often used didacticism in his poetry, but he focused on it less in his later years. As a memorial to their father, Longfellow's children donated land across Brattle Street and facing the family home to the City of Cambridge, which became Longfellow Park. a Lady, on Being Asked my Reason for Quitting England in the Sprin 11. Longfellow wrote many lyric poems known for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology and legend. Aside from two Phi Beta Kappa poemsthe first at Bowdoin in 1832 and the other the next year at Harvardthe poetry he was composing consisted chiefly of translations from Romance languages that he used in his classes and articles. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Poem Analysis. The visitor then asked if he had died here. But when Henry was a senior at Bowdoin College at 19, the college established a chair of modern languages. [20] He gave the student commencement address. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In 1831, he married Mary Potter, and they went on an extended tour of Europe. Fate, however, intervened to protect him from the bar. For later critics, however, the answer to Lowells question has often been a resounding Yes! In the atmosphere of disillusionment attending world warsand especially in Herbert S. Gormans disparaging 1926 biographyLongfellow became an easy scapegoat for everything judged wrong with Puritan, Victorian, Brahmin, genteel, sentimental, and racist evasions of the grim realities of life. Date February 1, 2007. His father, Stephen Longfellow, was an attorney and a Harvard graduate active in public affairs. [18], After graduating in 1825, Longfellow was offered a job as professor of modern languages at his alma mater. Longfellow published in 1872 what he intended to be his masterpiece, Christus: A Mystery, a trilogy dealing with Christianity from its beginning. 'Farewell! Written in anapestic tetrameter meant to suggest the galloping of a horse, this folk ballad recalls a hero of the American Revolution and his famous midnight ride to warn the Americans about the impending British raid on Concord, Massachusetts. [28] While in Spain, Longfellow was saddened to learn that his favorite sister Elizabeth had died of tuberculosis at the age of 20 that May. He has been presented as a gentle, placid, poetic soul, an image perpetuated by his brother Samuel Longfellow who wrote an early biography which specifically emphasized these points. Many of Longfellows efforts now took dramatic form, although none proved suitable for staging. Wadsworth-Longfellow House, 487 Congress Street, Portland, was built by Longfellow's grandfather, General Pelage Wadsworth, in 1785-86. According to Howells, Longfellows power derived from his courage in frankly trusting the personal as the universal along with his unaffectedness, the simplicity of his feelings, and the sincerity of his expression. [147] A public monument by Franklin Simmons was erected in Longfellows birthplace of Portland, Maine, in September 1888. [126], Margaret Fuller judged Longfellow "artificial and imitative" and lacking force. The dominance of free verse fostered contempt for Longfellows songlike versification and an indifference to its experimental qualities. [98] His memorial poem to her was the sonnet "The Cross of Snow" and was not published in his lifetime. [54] His friend George Stillman Hillard encouraged him in the pursuit: "I delight to see you keeping up so stout a heart for the resolve to conquer is half the battle in love as well as war". In Germany, Longfellow settled down to relatively disciplined study in preparation for his Bowdoin professorship, though his readings there focused more on Spanish literature than German. In his own time one of Longfellows chief contributions to American literature was the encouragement he offered to aspiring writerswhether those Boston-Cambridge-Concord literati with whom he interacted through his various clubs or those such as Emily Dickinson, who responded gratefully to him from a distance as the champion of poetry in an otherwise prosaic American society, the Pegasus in the pound of Yankee bookstores. This collection consisted of narrative poems composed in a great variety of metric patterns. American poet and educator. [73] Longfellow's youngest daughter Annie explained the story differently some 50 years later, claiming that there had been no candle or wax but that the fire had started from a self-lighting match that had fallen on the floor. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and Paul Reveres Ride (1863). Longfellow's popularity rapidly declined, beginning shortly after his death and into the 20th century, as academics focused attention on other poets such as Walt Whitman, Edwin Arlington Robinson, and Robert Frost. From London the Longfellow party proceeded to Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands. "[139] Author Nicholas A. Basbanes, in his 2020 book Cross of Snow: A Life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, defended Longfellow as "the victim of an orchestrated dismissal that may well be unique in American literary history". Although the original story involved the maidens lifelong search only through New England, Longfellow extended its geographic range. Even if time has proved him something less than the master poet he never claimed to be, Longfellow made pioneering contributions to American literary life by exemplifying the possibility of a successful authorial career, by linking American poetry to European traditions beyond England, and by developing a surprisingly wide readership for Romantic poetry. He wrote to friend Charles Sumner: "I do not believe anyone can be perfectly well, who has a brain and a heart". The book holdings of the Peucinian Society, its formal debates, and its informal Conversations about contemporary writing and American authors encouraged Henry to direct his ambition toward literature despite his practical fathers preference for a career in law or one of the other established professions. Flashcards. [50] The Southern Literary Messenger immediately put Longfellow "among the first of our American poets". [33] It may have been joyless work. Henry is an American . The book met with only modest success while deepening Fannys estrangement, sparking considerable Boston gossip, and drawing mixed but often hostile responses from reviewers. Sales of this book improved upon those for its predecessor; yet, Longfellow was disappointed by reader indifference to the work he had identified in an 1849 letter as the sublimer Song whose broken melodies have for so many years breathed through my soul. When all three parts finally came together in Christus: A Mystery, book sales were slight (only 6,000 copies printed) and critical response even less heartening. jOKO* 1 iHliSUMtfililafill ,lill ^*'^ vO ,, ^ '" ^" A^ 0>' ^^ ''>.'^ ^'^ U. ,v .^^..o ^- .^^' - For other uses, see. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow, Academy of American Poets - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, National Park Service - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Official Site of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Maine: An Encyclopedia - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The trip began happily with a London visit and Longfellows introduction to Thomas Carlyle, whose excitement over Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller heightened Longfellows interest in German Romanticism. He spent much of his summers as a child at his grandfather Peleg's farm in Hiram, Maine. He was required to live in Cambridge to be close to the campus and, therefore, rented rooms at the Craigie House in the spring of 1837. For the actor, see, "Longfellow" redirects here. In 1829 he returned to the United States to be a professor and librarian at Bowdoin. [16] When Longfellow graduated from Bowdoin, he was ranked fourth in the class and had been elected to Phi Beta Kappa. His works are still regularly anthologised after nearly a century and a half. 07 Nov 1786 in Pittsfield, MA, d. 10 Feb 1822. Although Longfellow introduced a love story in his account of Hiawathas wooing of Minnehaha, their marriage, and her death, for the most part he assembled legends he found in Schoolcrafts many books to exalt his Ojibway hero as a leader of supernatural birth (son of the West Wind, Mudjekeewis, and of Wenonah, whose mother, Nokomis, had fallen from the heavens) who leads his people in ways of peace. Longfellows translation, still respected for its linguistic appreciation and literary merit, appeared in an 1865-67 three-volume edition, although he completed the translation in spring 1864. "Not yet", he replied. Longfellow returned to this theme three years later in his last major prose composition, Kavanagh, A Tale (1849). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a world renowned poet primarily known for his poem "The Courtship of Miles Standish," lived through many depressing situations. [5] He was the second of eight children. Now that he had discovered his voice and his audience as a poet, Longfellow achieved personal happiness as well. Shortly after his return from Europe, he began his courtship of Mary Potter, daughter of Judge Barrett Potter; she was a Portland neighbor who was a friend of his sister Anne. Fanny Kemble performed this poem in dramatic readings, bringing herself and audiences to tears in the memorable emotional crescendo of the last stanza with its invocation to an imperiled country that is nonetheless the best hope for the world: Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! English Poetry III: From Tennyson to Whitman. The poem was extensively reviewed, translated into German by Ferdinand Freiligrath in 1856, and set to music as well as featured in dramatic performances. He entered Bowdoin College at the age of 15, and one of his classmates was Nathaniel Hawthorne; the two would remain lifelong friends. His travel sketches, Outre-Mer (1835), did not succeed. That book also featured The Hanging of the Crane (1874), which had been Longfellows most remunerative poem when The New York Ledger paid him 3,000 dollars for its serial publication earlier that same year. The famed poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once penned the beautiful words, "Be still, sad heart! Bowdoin College, when Henry and Stephen Longfellow arrived for the fall 1822 term, was a small and isolated school with a traditional curriculum and conservative Congregational leadership. 1835 Some attribute the phrase to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who wrote in 1835, "Music is the universal language of mankind,poetry their universal pastime and delight."* A translation of this work had been among his goals when teaching Dante at Harvard, and he had translated small parts of the poem in the early 1840s. The Warning, written last but drawn in part from his Harvard Phi Beta Kappa poem, concluded this slim volume with the image of a poor, blind Samson in this land capable someday of shaking the pillars of this Commonweal, / Till the vast Temple of our liberties / A shapeless mass of wreck and rubbish lies. The book pleased abolitionist readers such as Longfellows good friend Charles Sumner and the New England Anti-Slavery Tract Society, which Longfellow allowed to reprint and distribute the volume free of royalties; it puzzled other friends such as Hawthorne, however, and called attention to its authors lively interest in public issues that rarely found direct expression in his poetry. Longfellow saw the . [110] In preparing the volume, Longfellow hired Katherine Sherwood Bonner as an amanuensis. Daughter of Nathan Appleton I b. What is Longfellow's full name? . Their second-youngest daughter was Edith who married Richard Henry Dana III, son of Richard Henry Dana, Jr. who wrote Two Years Before the Mast. Test. [3] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a passenger on the Mayflower. [31] Shortly after the book's publication, Longfellow attempted to join the literary circle in New York and asked George Pope Morris for an editorial role at one of Morris's publications. Henry began his schooling at age three, when he and his older brother, Stephen, enrolled in the first of several private schools in which they prepared for entrance to Bowdoin College. Family tree of Henry WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. The book spread like wildfire in both the United States and the United Kingdom. During his lifetime Longfellow was loved and admired both at home and abroad. [47] The bulk of Voices of the Night was translations, but he included nine original poems and seven poems that he had written as a teenager. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [29], On August 27, 1829, he wrote to the president of Bowdoin that he was turning down the professorship because he considered the $600 salary "disproportionate to the duties required". That bridge was replaced in 1906 by a new bridge which was later renamed the Longfellow Bridge. Of the lyrics Longfellow composed during that period, My Lost Youth is a memorable example of the poets reflection on his personal past. LONGFELLOWATBOWDOIN. [58] A critic for The Dial agreed, calling it "the thinnest of all Mr. Longfellow's thin books; spirited and polished like its forerunners; but the topic would warrant a deeper tone". However, as Longfellow himself wrote, the poems were "so mild that even a Slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite for breakfast". "Resignation" was written as a response to the death of his daughter Fanny in 1848; it does not use first-person pronouns and is instead a generalized poem of mourning. "[115], The rapidity with which American readers embraced Longfellow was unparalleled in publishing history in the United States;[116] by 1874, he was earning $3,000 per poem. [45] Elizabeth Craigie owned the home, the widow of Andrew Craigie, and she rented rooms on the second floor. Poetry about the joys and challenges of life post-career. [106] He encouraged and supported other translators, as well. At college he was attracted especially to Sir Walter Scotts romances and Washington Irvings Sketch Book, and his verses appeared in national magazines. The marriage was an exceptionally happy one for both partners and brought Longfellow the domestic stability he had missed. In late 1839, Longfellow published Hyperion, inspired by his trips abroad[54] and his unsuccessful courtship of Fanny Appleton. His fathers book collection provided literary models of a neoclassical sort, and family storytelling acquainted him with New England lore dating to pilgrim days. [15] He joined the Peucinian Society, a group of students with Federalist leanings. Longfellows most ambitious effort in prose, Hyperion blended the sketchbook attributes of Outre-Mer with elements of the Romance as Longfellow developed the fictional persona of Paul Flemming to act out his lingering grief for Mary, rejected love for Fanny, and poetical aspirations spurred by German authors. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's response to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864 is a timely reminder of how, while they all matter, some presidential elections matter much more than others. Elected to the Peucinian Society, he mixed with the academically ambitious students of the college (more serious than his brother or than classmates Nathaniel Hawthorne, Franklin Pierce, and Horatio Bridgeall belonging to the Athenean Society). Delve into the life and poetry ofone of the chief architects of the Black Arts Movement in Chicago, Carolyn Marie Rodgers (1940-2010), with a very special guest: Carolyns sister, Nina Annie Finch explores the metaphorical meaning of winter. On the advice of George Ticknor of Harvard, Longfellow decided to add German to French, Spanish, and Italian. Longfellows goal in this second European journey was to acquaint himself with Scandinavian languages while strengthening his command of German language and literature. [96], As a very private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882), grew up in the house and went on to become one of the most famous men of his time. He retired from teaching in 1854 to focus on his writing, and he lived the remainder of his life in the Revolutionary War headquarters of George Washington in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chamber Music This page intentionally left blank CHAMBER MUSIC A Listener's Guide JAMES M. KELLER 1 2011 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Longfellow's benign poetic temperament owes much to his full and fortunate life. Tributes of many kinds testified to public affectionvisits to Craigie House by prominent literary and political figures and even the emperor of Brazil, public tributes, and escalating requests for autographs. [24] He traveled to France, Spain, Italy, Germany, back to France, then to England before returning to the United States in mid-August 1829. thou art happy' 10. Learn more about narrative poetry here. In 1835, saddened by the death of his first wife, whom he had married in 1831, he settled at Heidelberg, where he fell under the influence of German Romanticism. There were still poems drawn from Longfellows travels and his readings in European literatures, but the most celebrated poem of the book was among his most patriotic pieces. 791. [36] Longfellow published several nonfiction and fiction prose pieces in 1833 inspired by Irving, including "The Indian Summer" and "The Bald Eagle". The recent graduate was asked to become the first professor, with the understanding that he should be given a period of time in which to travel and study in Europe. His model was Washington Irving, to whom he was introduced while in Spain, and Longfellow envisaged putting his experience to Irvingesque literary use. Stanzas to a Lady on Leaving England 13. Back at Bowdoin in his new role, Longfellow felt stultified in a college atmosphere so different from what he had experienced at Gttingen and stifled by the provincial atmosphere of Brunswick. Just like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow did I believe that EVERY interaction with customers, employees, stakeholders or stockholders, matters. This period was also one of experimentation in dramatic writing, although publication of The Spanish Student was delayed until 1843. But what sticks in the mind, and stirs the heart, are those "sun-defying" depths, where we are too numb to feel . 198 likes. The stimulus Henry Longfellow found there came less from classes or the library (open one hour a day and allowing students only limited borrowing privileges) than from literary societies. My morning and my evening star of love!" Longfellow attended a dame school at the age of three and was enrolled by age six at the private Portland Academy. UNIVE'RSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, AND COMPANY, CAMBRIDGE. Near Interlaken he met Nathan Appleton, a wealthy Boston merchant, and continued his journey with Appleton and Appletons charming and accomplished family. Cookouts, fireworks, and history lessons recounted in poems, articles, and audio. [91], Much of Longfellow's work is categorized as lyric poetry, but he experimented with many forms, including hexameter and free verse. In the book, Myles fancied Priscilla but was too shy to tell her . [59] The New England Anti-Slavery Association, however, was satisfied enough with the collection to reprint it for further distribution. [143] He had difficulty coping with the death of his second wife. The age of three and was not published in his last major prose,... To French, Spanish, and the Netherlands the answer to Lowells has! Was to acquaint himself with Scandinavian languages while strengthening his command of German Language and.! United States to be a professor and librarian at Bowdoin at the age of three was... Bridge was replaced in 1906 by a New bridge which was later renamed the Longfellow party proceeded Sweden! 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how many languages did henry wadsworth longfellow speak