A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). Manila Bay, the country's center of navigational trade and commerce, is shared by five cities in Metro Manila and four coastal provinces. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. According to him, disruption of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the people living in the affected area. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. . Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. Metro Land Reclamation: Safety concerns of a sand-filled Lagos July 16, 2014 BY ChARLES KUMOLU LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. While speaking with Vanguard, Osawe said he sees nothing wrong with the exercise, in as much as it is done in the proper way. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. This further denigrates the soil structure and converts the aquatic environment to marshy environment. The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. mangrove wetlands. Bounded in the South by the Atlantic Ocean, the city is situated on the mainland, home to 70% of the city's population with series of islands and a peninsula that holds the remaining 30% (Ogunlesi, 2012). Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. Land expansion to accommodate housing projects is a major cause of coastal reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. The practice may be temporary solution . The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. With . The felling of trees and the uprooting of their stumps leads to soil fragmentation. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. 86 of 1992, which guides such projects. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. Prince Harry and his wife Meghan are being evicted from their home on the British royal family's Windsor estate, a spokesperson said Wednesday, leaving them without a UK base. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos, because the land is not large enough. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. How? The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. 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towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common