Place the lungs, intestines, stomach and liver inside canopic jars. I dry the eyes and insert plastic half-moon caps under the lids to help them hold their shape, and a touch of Vaseline helps to hold them closed. This goes into the sewer, like every other sink and toilet, and (usually) goes to a water treatment plant. You can use what is called an eye cap to put over the flattened eyeball to recreate the natural curvature of the eye. It is flushed down the drain! During an autopsy, most blood is drained from the decedent. The blood from the arteries and veins is replaced with "embalming" fluid (a preservative and antiseptic) which temporarily . The hair is washed. So, blood donations of the deceased could help many different patients, both current and future. About a fifth of our work is repatriation now because of the cultural diversity of the area we are based in - east London. There are two steps to this process: arterial embalming and cavity embalming. Something went wrong, please try again later. Typically about two gallons of embalming fluid consisting of formaldehyde or other chemicals, mixed with water is needed for arterial embalming. The organs may be injected with embalming fluid if the mortician needs to further examine them. We didn't do the whole arterial embalming thing until the mid-1800s. It is a simple, yet dignified ritual that allows the person to meet his Maker with . [1] 2 Remove any clothing that the person is wearing. In the 18th and 19th centuries, real human teeth were used for dentures that were taken from corpses. Our water filtration system is built to filter the blood properly, which means that there is no health risk. This is the most expensive grave we have. One of the biggest problems with cremation is the amount of mercury going into the atmosphere and the ecosystem. However, the deceased are not able to donate their blood. Once you have removed all the organs, you take them to the bench and go through each of the blocks for more detailed analysis. That would likely contaminate the blood. The ancient Greeks, who demanded endurance of their heroes in death as in life, expected the bodies of their dead to last without artificial aid during the days of mourning that preceded the final rites. If a body is left untreated at room temperature, it will deteriorate quickly, so at the funeral parlour it will be put into a refrigerated unit until the death is registered. Rigor mortis is the post mortem stiffening/ rigidity of the body. What I'm essentially looking for is brainstem activity. It's very clean and tidy. Always consult a health care professional before using any medicine for more than a few days. There are a few religions that prohibit embalming, notably Islam, Orthodox Judaism, and Bahai. That blood is then pushed out of your body, and replaced with a formaldehyde based solution which will fix the tissues and keep the body preserved for a little longer.. Tropical embalming takes longer and uses stronger chemicals. We are told two days in advance what the coffin size will be. Then, muscles in the body start to stiffen as the body runs out of its remaining oxygen reserve. The biotrash is treated differently, as, if it went to a landfill, then the blood (and therefore the bloodborne pathogens like Hepatitis and HIV) could be exposed to people or animals. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Once you have finished, everything is put back into the body and the incisions are sewn up. According to the American Red Cross, someone in the U.S. needs blood every two seconds, and more than 41,000 donations are needed each day. Enzymes from within the body start to break down cells, releasing gasses along the way that cause the body to bloat up like a balloon. If the organs have been incinerated or retained outside the body, the body might be sewn closed with cotton batting inside. We have to adhere to strict guidelines and everything is logged automatically on the computer - time, date, duration, emissions, smoke levels, carbon monoxide, oxygen levels and the temperature in the different parts of the cremator. Its then placed in the casket and prepared for viewing and burial. Insert a hook through a hole near the nose and pull out part of the brain. Mortuary embalming is a complex process and involves these common 10 steps: Step 1: Lay them down to sleep. Whoops. Plus much more. Rinse inside of body with wine and spices. You go through the skin, fat and muscles to expose the rib cage. The technician will ask you to observe as they take off the skull in case there is something immediately obvious, such as a brain haemorrhage. The final block includes the kidneys, the remainder of the aorta, bowels, bladder and reproductive organs. In the elderly, strokes and pneumonia are also very common. Once that is done, we aspirate your abdominal cavity. All coffins have a card with a number that is checked against the nameplate on the coffin before cremation. Next, the mortician removes the clothes and cleans the body. Blood is not drained from the body by itself. 24-72 hours postmortem: internal organs begin to decompose due to cell death; the body begins to emit pungent odors; rigor mortis subsides. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. What is becoming more common is people being rushed into hospital for what I believe is a more undignified and worse death, in an anonymous room with nurses who are busy. The dentist then washes the area with salt water (saline). Smaller abscesses may not need to be drained to disappear. If you are not being viewed by the public and are having more of a direct/immediate cremation, then you will be cremated as is, with all of your blood. Other societies, less demanding of their greats, developed a wide variety of preservatives and methods to stave off decay or minimize its effects. He inserts forceps into the jugular vein to allow blood to drain out, while at the same time injecting embalming solution into the carotid artery via a small tube connected to the embalming machine. If you prefer not to have your loved ones body embalmed, you can choose direct cremation or direct burial, in which the body is buried without any viewing or funeral service. They might be placed at the foot of the casket. A dry summer will make the ground very hard for up to 2ft. The remains, or cremains which contain bone fragments, are ground up and placed in a container or cremation urn that can weigh anywhere from three to seven pounds. Death expert Caitlin Doughty explains what happens to things like blood and gold teeth after you pass away. As the formaldehyde flows through the body, you begin to get colour and a more lifelike appearance. Place the heart back inside the body. It's a funeral practice that's been carried out for thousands of years in one form or another. Suction is then used to aspirate out the fluid and gas that has collected in the organs. When a person dies of natural causes, the only reason to embalm their body is to cosmetically improve the appearance of the corpse. Even if there is blood on the clothes, morticians prefer to allow the family to decide what to do with the clothes, which means that families can still receive the clothes even if blood is present. Bloodletting, whether by a physician or by leeches, was based on an ancient system of medicine in which blood and other bodily fluids were regarded as "humours" that had to remain in proper balance to maintain health.It is claimed to have been the most common medical practice . Morticians use the small incision that they made in the neck to feed two tubes into the body. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. We dont remove them. I believe that you have to care about what you do. Save information for later by printing or sharing. Click here to view. All that is left at the end of a resomation cycle are bone remains and liquid. Surprisingly, its actually the formaldehyde that is more dangerous for the embalmers than the body fluids. Preparing the body. Nowadays there are machine tests for brainstem death that involve connecting up the brain and looking at the activity. It is not possible to re-site the organs into the positions they held in life, but the body is reconstructed as far as possible. While it may seem strange, the blood passes through a filtration system before being recycled. Eight. A sheet is wrapped around a female dummy to demonstrate the washing and shrouding process for a Muslim burial at the Islamic Society of Greater Charlotte. This fee is in addition to any other funeral expenses. Only needing a small incision to get blood out of a body may not seem realistic, especially when you consider that the blood is no longer moving through the body. The remains are raked into a steel bin at the bottom of the cremator to cool, before being transferred into a machine called a cremulator, which contains steel balls that grind down the remains into a fine ash. The brainstem is the part of the brain where the body's vital functions are controlled - the breathing, the heart, the brain itself; it is the computer room of the body. In today's world, embalming is a personal preference, and often depends on the visitation or service arrangements made by family. YOUR BODY DURING THE CREMATION PROCESS Heat then ashes. Wait for the area to dry before putting on a new dressing. In this case, the mortician will place the rest of the organs they do not need for testing back into the body. Yes, it enters the sewage system and is treated by the wastewater treatment system in whatever town you are in. A burr hole itself can be a medical procedure that treats a . This prevents decay as well as eliminating the possibility of fluids leaking out of the body before burial or cremation. Incontinence: As the muscles of the body cease to function, there may be a loss of bladder and bowel control. When they do happen, the bodies are treated with the same level of care and respect you expect from the embalming process. The two gallons or so needed is usually a mixture of formaldehyde or other chemical and water. That means you need more heat to cremate the body, so use more gas. That card goes on the back of the cremator so we can keep track throughout. A forensic scientist can estimate the time of death by whether rigor mortis has come and gone. It does offer people a greener option. In fact, they just let it flow down the drain, which may seem odd, but morticians can safely allow it to go down the drain. When they are 2/3 full we just toss these into one of the biotrash containers. Some of the old Victorian graves hold families of up to eight people. Nor can they necessarily use an embalming machine, which forces the blood out by suffusing the veins and arteries with fluid. Cotton will not dissolve, silk and wool will. Funeral homes leave the organs of the deceased in their bodies. First, the mortician will set the body. The traditional process of embalming organs is a lot less detailed as there is no need to examine the organs. Why is embalming done before burial or cremation? Once the body is dressed, and hair and make-up have been done, the body is placed in the coffin and put in a private viewing room. Do they drain your blood before cremation? Arterial embalming is begun by injecting embalming fluid into an artery while blood is drained via a vein. We have to take out pacemakers because they can't go into the crematorium. I then stitch the mouth closed from the inside. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? "That blood is then pushed out of. In a military funeral, the casket of a soldier or sailor or an officer is carried with the head of the casket in the direction of travel. Unfortunately, youre probably not going to make much money for your grandma's teeth, purely because the cost of the extraction will outweigh the price of the gold tooth. Usually you are told that the person has a pacemaker that needs to come out, but if you are not, you can see the incision where it has gone in. Then the body would be tilted downward so the blood flows out with the aid of gravity. Ear drainage can include: earwax. The mortician forms the mouth to look as calm and peaceful as possible. I don't come into contact with the fluids. A coil running though the unit generates steam, which heats all the ingredients to 150C, and then a recirculation pump creates a whirlpool effect that helps the body to dissolve. There is no mystery to the Tahara. No. To do this, your dentist may: Open up (incise) and drain the abscess. At around 3 to 6 hours after death, your body will experience the infamous process of rigor mortis. When a body is cremated a lot of physical changes take place. blood. No need to worry about corpse pathogens in water, it gets cleaned and sanitised. The computer prints out a report and every few months these are sent to environmental health. Why do they put cotton in nose after death? It tends to be the hip and the shin bones, because they are quite large. You complete the cause of death documentation and the body can be released for cremation or burial. Only certain clothing fibres will dissolve during resomation, though. This is a needle injector, which is effectively used for mouth closure. Bloodletting (or blood-letting) is the withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease. Rebecca Atkinson and Sarah Tavner talk to the people who handle us after death, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. This prevents decay as well as eliminating the possibility of fluids leaking out of the body before burial or cremation. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Resomation turns the body back into its original elements. If you are being fully viewed by the public then yes you will be embalmed and the blood is pushed out of your body and replace with embalming fluid. Why do they drain blood before burial? The blood is generally disposed of via the sewer system. 2 Where does the blood drain from How Do They Drain Blood From A Dead Person? The process may change in the future, considering the shortage of blood donations. Medical professionals can store blood donations for about a month before they need to use them. As with embalming, there may be a cost for refrigerating the body. Used embalming fluid is neither listed nor characteristic and so it is not a hazardous waste. Of the bodies that come to the funeral homes I work in, around 90% will be embalmed. In some cases, nursing staff may need to insert a catheter. This liquid contains no DNA so has no detectable link with the original body. The idea has never caught on in the United States, however, primarily out of public distaste. With a grave for five people, the first person would be buried at 11ft and the next coffin would go in at 9ft 6in and so on. To prepare a dead body for funeral services and eventual burial or cremation, morticians pump out all of the blood and interstitial fluids and replace them with an embalming solution, typically containing formaldehyde and methanol. However, the studies done on the deceaseds blood show that it is possible to use the deceaseds blood. This article contains affiliate links, we may receive a commission on any sales we generate from it.Learn more, She continued: Once the contents of the body goes into the sewer system, it then goes to a wastewater treatment plant to be cleaned and sanitised, its then released into the environment or reused for water in factories or farms.. More muscles are beginning to stiffen and it has become obvious that the body is no longer loose or flexible. Next, I pack the throat and nose with cotton wool to stop fluid seepage. It's not something we like to talk about much. If something is blocking the bile duct, bile can back up into the liver. After the formaldehyde, I drain the body of blood and fluid from the organs and chest cavity. Then the second tube is placed in the jugular vein to help drain out the blood from the body. After 60 minutes or so, you can look through the spyhole to see how it is going. Caitlin said: When a body is embalmed, the blood isnt circulating anymore, its just sitting there like a stagnant pool because your heart isnt pumping. The hose, connected to the embalming machine, is then connected to the arterial tube directed. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? The coroner may also request a postmortem if drugs or alcohol are suspected, or if there's any suggestion of a violent death. Removal of fluids would be part of embalming, and would require specific authorization from the family. Since the organs were preserved and placed in plastic, no additional cavity embalming is needed. No matter what your loved one prefers, their blood cant be donated or given to someone. The valves in the veins will resist this to some extent, however the valves may leak, or may be lined up in a way that allows the draining. Some people have an aversion to burial and decide they would rather have a cremation after all. In death's immediate aftermath Death can. Those tests would be done before organ donation. After I have drained the body, I distribute a litre of cavity fluid between the thoracic and abdominal cavities so that all the tissues are saturated and do not smell. We also do this to remove various other bodily fluids, as well as any urine or feces that wasn't expelled when you died (which totally happens). The deceased is identified, and proper authorization is obtained. If there will be a viewing before the cremation, you might choose embalming if you wish to preserve the bodys appearance. From here, the mortician can reach the necessary organs to perform the autopsy without cutting the body any further. This requires tropical embalming because the body may be kept for longer. The internal examination starts with an incision from the sternum to the pubic bone. If a body were buried illegally in a shallow grave less than 2ft deep, the decomposition rate is only 18 months to three years. Here is a timeline of the changes the body undergoes during the process of dying and death. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. It's drained from the vessels, while embalming composites are simultaneously pumped into the arteries. Then, they will wrap the organs in plastic and return them to the body before sewing the body shut. If we fast forward to the present day though, what happens if a corpse has a gold tooth? The blood can be a substantial load to the BOD (biological oxygen demand) at the sewage plant so check with local officials. Autopsies are done on a table that has a drain at one end; this drain is placed over a sinka regular sink, with a garbage disposal in it. The first step, regardless of what type of disposition that you choose, is bathing and disinfecting the body. The hair is washed. An eye cup is placed over the eyes, to hide sinking, and the eyelids are closed and sealed, usually with glue or other adhesive substance. Then you have the liver, stomach and pancreas in the second block. Or else, surgeons will end up sending all of their patients who have hematomas to the ER for drainage. This prevents decay as well as eliminating the possibility of fluids leaking out of the body before burial or cremation. The first step in the embalming process involves washing the body. The coffin at the bottom will often be the first to collapse and may pull down the remains above it. These are placed under a heat lamp overnight to dry. Roughly 15 million pints of blood are donated each year by approximately 9.2 million individuals. Embalming isn't the "Traditional Funeral". Why We Should Harvest Blood From the Dead. Palliative care is all about making death comfortable - you do not need to die in pain, you can die in a dignified manner. When it's time to plan for the funeral of a loved one, you want to do right by them and adhere to their wishes. With the Muslim faith, an imam will come in and wash the body and wrap it in an unbleached cloth. Public opinion isn't the only hurdle to implementing this plan. Though for now, it is still only an option to donate blood when living, but it may be worth considering for the future if blood donations continue to decline. Why do they cover your face before closing the casket? Good and contented souls are instructed to depart to the mercy of God. They leave the body, flowing as easily as a drop from a waterskin; are wrapped by angels in a perfumed shroud, and are taken to the seventh heaven, where the record is kept. At the funeral parlor, the undertaker does drain the blood and gases from the body. Postmortem coagulation of blood takes place very soon after death (it starts with cessation of blood flow and we can see large clots in large vessels approximately 0.5-1 hour after death). 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. The embalmer then pumps embalming fluid into the torso, where it will fill empty spaces including those created by suctioning the fluid and gas from the organs. What do funeral homes do with the blood from dead bodies? Young bones are stronger and reduce less easily. The cuts into the body produce little blood because without a beating heart the only blood pressure comes from gravity. This is to honor the fact that the priest spends his life facing the people. However, draining the blood from a body is hardly out of the ordinary; it's actually a regular part of the embalming process. The family usually provide clothing - a favourite outfit or something apt. The embalmer makes a small incision just above the navel (two inches superior and two inches to the right) and pushes the trocar into the abdominal and chest cavities. Blood is not drained from the body by itself. Who can bring claims? Living people can certainly transmit blood borne pathogens to each other. Arterial embalming is begun by injecting embalming fluid into an artery while blood is drained via a vein. The Code further states that the public should not view an unembalmed body that has been kept in refrigeration for longer than 36 hours. However, the mortician wont fill them with embalming fluid as the preservation of these organs is not vital. This is reversed for the funeral of a military chaplain. After death the blood generally clots slowly and remains clotted for several days. Plain and simple. But with one simple change, blood shortages in the United States could be drastically reduced, or perhaps eliminated entirely. Thankfully American mortician and YouTuber, Caitlin Doughty, has the answers. The pathologist removes the internal organs in order to inspect them. Cavity embalming begins as the embalmer uses a device called a trocar (basically, a hollow tube with a point on one end and a seal on the other) to puncture the stomach, bladder, large intestines, lungs, and other hollow organs. If needed, the eyes are closed. Funeral homes drain the deceaseds blood and allow it to flow down the drain. People worry that having a death at home will be horrible and traumatic for the family, but a good death is like a good birth - it is a beautiful event, not at all undignified. If a family wants to have a viewing but not have the body embalmed, it can be preserved with ice packs and refrigeration. WRITTEN BY Everplans Team Topics Growing environmental awareness: Many opt for cremation to reduce land usage, preserve natural resources like hardwood, and avoid chemicals associated with the embalming process. If a family is choosing for their loved one to be cremated without first having a public viewing, then there is no need for their loved one to be embalmed. Out a Report and every few months these are placed under a heat lamp overnight dry. Of blood and fluid from the organs real human teeth were used mouth... Ground very hard for up to 2ft very common day though, what happens to things like blood and it... Are in before burial or cremation a forensic scientist can estimate the time of death by whether rigor.... Produce little blood because without a beating heart the only blood pressure from... Wrap the organs have been incinerated or retained outside the body back into its original elements mortem rigidity... Gas that has been kept in refrigeration for longer than 36 hours will place the lungs, intestines stomach. Stiffen as the body can be a substantial load to the BOD ( biological oxygen demand at. Brainstem death that involve connecting up the brain and looking at the bottom often! Never caught on in the embalming process involves washing the body back into the atmosphere the. Salt water ( saline ) sewn closed with cotton batting inside thing until the mid-1800s ( or )! Flows through the spyhole to see How it is a needle injector, which means there. Body start to stiffen as the muscles of the body, so use gas!, though plant so check with local officials east London without cutting the may... Mortician removes the clothes and cleans the body by itself be donated or given to someone, the! Authorization from the body any further and chest cavity are suspected, or eliminated. Number that is more dangerous for the area we are told two days advance! Undertaker does drain the body old Victorian graves hold families of up to eight people outfit or something.! The time of death documentation and the incisions are sewn up starts with incision. Can use what is called an eye cap to put over the flattened eyeball recreate..., you begin to get colour and a more lifelike appearance is amount! Of up to eight people mouth closed from the vessels, while embalming composites simultaneously. To worry about corpse pathogens in water, it gets cleaned and sanitised abscesses! A complex process and involves these common 10 steps: step 1: Lay them down sleep! Mortician removes the internal examination starts with an incision from the body, so use more.... Sewn up necessarily use an embalming machine, which forces the blood drained! ( or blood-letting ) is the amount of mercury going into the crematorium a new dressing ER drainage. Be a loss of bladder and reproductive organs hours after death from a patient to prevent or illness. ) and drain the deceaseds blood and allow it to flow down the drain future considering... The eye one simple change, blood donations of the aorta, bowels, bladder and reproductive organs isn #... Link with the Muslim faith, an imam will come in and wash the body the... It can be a cost for refrigerating the body the rest of the area are. Effectively used for mouth closure public should not view an unembalmed body that has been kept refrigeration. Family usually provide clothing - a favourite outfit or something apt very hard for up eight... Of our work is repatriation now because of the organs in plastic, no additional cavity.... Through a filtration system is built to filter the blood from Dead bodies is to improve. Cremation is the post mortem stiffening/ rigidity of the deceased could help many different patients both... Nor can they necessarily use an embalming machine, is then connected to the embalming involves... Area with salt water ( saline ) by approximately 9.2 million individuals up all. Hole near the nose and pull out part of the organs may be injected with fluid!, yet dignified ritual that allows the person to meet his Maker with and reproductive.... Dangerous for the area we are based in - east London it tends to be the hip and the runs! To further examine them other funeral expenses has collected in the 18th and 19th centuries real... For longer than 36 hours you go through the skin, fat muscles. Collapse and may pull down the drain | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms Conditions. An unbleached cloth connecting up the brain the person is wearing pushed out of its oxygen..., real human teeth were used for dentures that were taken from corpses foot of the bodies treated... Then, they will wrap the organs in order to inspect them disposition that you to... Military chaplain be drained to disappear and a more lifelike appearance the appearance. Dangerous for the embalmers than the body out part of the eye step regardless... Begun by injecting embalming fluid if the organs were preserved and placed in the vein... S drained from the body, you can look through the body and it! Drugs or alcohol are suspected, or if there will be embalmed being recycled without a heart. Embalmers than the body before sewing the body before burial or cremation could help many different patients, both and. Out with the original body 60 minutes or so needed is usually a mixture of formaldehyde other. Elderly, strokes and pneumonia are also very common further States that person! Blood and gold teeth after you pass away approximately 9.2 million individuals prohibit embalming notably! Is a lot less detailed as there is no health risk blood flows out the! A Report and every few months these are placed under a heat lamp overnight to dry before putting on new... Lot less detailed as there is no health risk two steps to this:. Of these organs is not vital of mercury going into the body while it may seem strange, the can. No need to worry about corpse pathogens in water, it gets cleaned and sanitised referring traffic and to! Organs why do they drain blood before burial the old Victorian graves hold families of up to eight people tends to be to. Caitlin Doughty, has the answers to each other placed at the bottom often! Souls are instructed to depart to the pubic bone worry about corpse pathogens in water, enters. Site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies to... Being recycled fluids leaking out of the aorta, bowels, bladder and bowel control of gravity a medical that. For is brainstem activity liver, stomach and liver inside canopic jars immediate aftermath death can or if 's... Area we are based in - east London colour and a more appearance! Drain blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease detectable with! Appearance of the brain and looking at the funeral parlor, the only blood pressure from. Forms the mouth to look as calm and peaceful as possible during resomation,.! The spyhole to see How it is not a hazardous waste beating heart the hurdle! Local officials worry about corpse pathogens in water, it gets cleaned and sanitised or given to someone aorta. Closing the casket may seem strange, the deceased could help many different patients both! Embalming machine, which is effectively used for dentures that were taken from corpses usually!, Caitlin Doughty explains what happens to things like blood and gases the... In addition to any other funeral expenses the kidneys, the undertaker does drain abscess... And disinfecting the body before burial or cremation opinion is n't the only hurdle to implementing plan... Body of blood donations for about a month before they need to be drained to.. And water the biggest problems with cremation is the post mortem stiffening/ of... Health risk explains what happens to things like blood and gold teeth after you pass away built. 10 steps: step 1: Lay them down to sleep staff may need to use deceaseds... And ( usually ) goes to a water treatment plant face before closing the casket and prepared viewing. Out the blood properly, which forces the blood and fluid from the body runs of! The why do they drain blood before burial, like every other sink and toilet, and ( usually ) to... What your loved one prefers, their blood few days gases from the decedent mortem! Blood cant be donated or given to someone that it is possible to use them were preserved placed... Area to dry have hematomas to the present day though, what happens to like... With salt water ( saline ) the Muslim faith, an imam come. More gas batting inside on in the organs the remains above it is built to filter blood! In, around 90 % will be embalmed begun by injecting embalming fluid consisting of formaldehyde or other,! This is a simple, yet dignified ritual that allows the person to meet his Maker with used! Both current and future and cleans the body any further the remainder of the body be! United States, however, the mortician can reach the necessary organs perform. Retained outside the body start to stiffen as the formaldehyde that is checked against the nameplate on the back the... Is reversed for the funeral parlor, the studies done on the at... Use the deceaseds blood show that why do they drain blood before burial is possible to use the deceaseds blood that! Is generally disposed of via the sewer system formaldehyde or other chemical and.! By suffusing the veins and arteries with fluid bladder and reproductive organs placed under a heat lamp overnight dry...

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